海(hai)洋油氣田開發(fa)過程中海(hai)底管道鋪設(she)是非常重要(yao)的一(yi)環，也是技術難(nan)度(du)最大的一(yi)項。海(hai)底施(shi)工作業環境惡劣，費用高，施(shi)工難(nan)度(du)大，施(shi)工過程中還(huan)可能受到風浪、潮汐等(deng)因素的影響，增(zeng)加施(shi)工難(nan)度(du)。

海(hai)底管道(dao)鋪(pu)設(she)工(gong)程前(qian)期需要制定(ding)一(yi)套完善(shan)的施(shi)工(gong)方案，組織施(shi)工(gong)人員、合理安(an)排施(shi)工(gong)順序(xu)、合理配備施(shi)工(gong)機具、施(shi)工(gong)人員等，在保(bao)證安(an)全、保(bao)證質量、保(bao)證進度的條件下開展施(shi)工(gong)作業。海(hai)底管線的鋪(pu)設(she)主要有兩種(zhong)，一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)拖(tuo)(tuo)管法(fa)(fa)，一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)鋪(pu)管船(chuan)法(fa)(fa)。不(bu)同(tong)的作業海(hai)域施(shi)工(gong)方法(fa)(fa)不(bu)同(tong)，例如拖(tuo)(tuo)管法(fa)(fa)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)采用(yong)陸岸(an)預(yu)制成(cheng)段、軌道(dao)小車(che)發送、拖(tuo)(tuo)輪拖(tuo)(tuo)至指定(ding)海(hai)域沉(chen)管就(jiu)(jiu)位的施(shi)工(gong)方法(fa)(fa)。

施工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位先(xian)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道分段(duan)(duan)，運送(song)(song)到現(xian)場(chang)(chang)后再(zai)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)成(cheng)段(duan)(duan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道組(zu)對(dui)焊接，完成(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)段(duan)(duan)與錨固件的(de)整體焊接后經試壓通球，管(guan)(guan)(guan)道整體吊(diao)裝(zhuang)到發(fa)送(song)(song)軌道的(de)發(fa)送(song)(song)小(xiao)(xiao)車上(shang)進(jin)行(xing)吊(diao)裝(zhuang)鋪設(she)。施工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線整體吊(diao)裝(zhuang)采用5臺吊(diao)裝(zhuang)設(she)備從管(guan)(guan)(guan)段(duan)(duan)一端吊(diao)起并分段(duan)(duan)交替將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)段(duan)(duan)放置(zhi)到小(xiao)(xiao)車上(shang)。500m管(guan)(guan)(guan)段(duan)(duan)發(fa)送(song)(song)入海采用吊(diao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)通過吊(diao)裝(zhuang)帶，吊(diao)拉管(guan)(guan)(guan)前部(bu)緩慢(man)前行(xing)，通過前置(zhi)導向(xiang)器(qi)發(fa)送(song)(song)入海，在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)段(duan)(duan)尾部(bu)通過鋼絲(si)繩和卷揚機(ji)調解(jie)發(fa)送(song)(song)速度。小(xiao)(xiao)車在(zai)導向(xiang)器(qi)前與管(guan)(guan)(guan)線脫離后掉入小(xiao)(xiao)車回(hui)收裝(zhuang)置(zhi)回(hui)收小(xiao)(xiao)車。

海洋油氣田開發過程(cheng)(cheng)中海底(di)管道(dao)鋪設(she)具(ju)有(you)其特殊性、復(fu)雜性、唯一性，在這個全(quan)新的生產(chan)建設(she)領域中，對(dui)工程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)質量及安(an)全(quan)提出了更為嚴格的要求，保證海底(di)管道(dao)鋪設(she)工程(cheng)(cheng)順(shun)利完成，工人能(neng)夠安(an)全(quan)作業。